Knowledge On Windows

AUDIO - If audio port is not active or enabled, go to bios , advanced, onboard audio or advanced, chipset, onboard audio and enable it.

BLUE DUMP ERROR  -  * If the applications run more than supported memory, the system hangs up or the screen becomes blue in color called blue dump error.
* It may occur due to ram failure or OS failure.

BMP -  * Bit MaP
* File format used for images.

BOOT.INI  -  * One of the booting files of windows xp.
* It contains information about time out ( time taken to change from text mode to graphical mode ), list of partitions, number of hard disks, type of OS
* If we have dual OS, we can change the booting priority by moving up or down
* It has 5 boot options. Safe boot, No gui boot, Boot log, Base video, SOS.

CFG - ConFiGuration file format.

COMPRESSION  -  Zipping the file, so that reducing the size of the file.

DEFRAGMENTATION  -  * Process os reducing unwanted space in the hard disk by re-organizing and re-arranging files, so that it can occupy one large area in hard disk rather than small areas.
* It increases the overall performance of the system
* Right click the drive you want to defragment --> properties --> tools -->defragment now.

ELA -  * Easy Language Archieve
* Filename extension of voice calls in Linux ( equals to MP3 of Windows ).

ENCRYPTION  -  Conversion of data into secret code ( ciphertext ) which can not be understood by unauthorized people.

FIREFOX - Shortcut for homepage in Firefox browser or internet explorer is ( Alt+Home ).

GROUP POLICY  -  * Centralised management and configuration of computers.
* We can define policies that are applied to computers regardless users and we can apply policy to users regardless of computers.
* Type gpedit.msc from run.
* There is no separate path for group policy since it is a collection of all entities.

HDMI  -  It stands for High Definition Multimedia Interface.

HOMEPAGE - Shortcut for homepage in Firefox browser or internet explorer is ( Alt+Home ).

INTERNET EXPLORER - Shortcut for homepage in internet explorer OR Firefox is (Alt+Home ).

MAP NETWORK DRIVE  -   * Windows helps us to connect to a shared network folder and assign a drive letter to the connection, so that we can access the folder using my computer rather than going to the network path every time.
* Go to the folder for which we need map network --> (right click) map drive
* Or, go to my computer --> tools --> map network drive --> paste the path of the folder for which we need map network --> click ok.

MESSAGING SERVICE -  * To send messages within network, type,
net send from run  press enter.
* When the computer is running Windows XP Service pack 2, this wont work.
* If Messenger service is disabled, this wont work.

MICROSOFT OUTLOOK  -  The filename extension of Microsoft Outlook is .pst. It stands for " personal storage table ".

OUTLOOK EXPRESS MAIL  -  The file name extension of Outlook express mail is .dbx. It stands for " direct byte execution ". File name extension of Outlook express exported mail is .iaf. It stands for " internet account file ".
PORT  -  It is to adapt software, so that executable program can be created for a computing environment.

PORT NUMBER  -   * Number assigned to a particular service or host.
* It identifies where the communication takes place.
* It tells TCP to transfer messages to any application.
* In TCP or UDP header, port number field is used to specify which applications are sending or receiving data.

PRINTER  -   It is a computer program that enables the application to communicate with a hardware printer. The device that puts data onto the paper is called printer device.

SAFE MODE  -  * Temporary method of running windows using absolute minimum in resources
* In the event of hardware failure or malfunction in OS, it is necessary to run the system in safe mode. It runs only the bare essential of OS.
* Restart the machine and press F8 key to enter into safe mode.

SERVICE CREATION  -  To create a service, type the following command in CLI
sc create < service name >
To delete a service, the command is sc delete < service name >

SERVICES  -  * Long running executable program that performs specific task for machine's requirement and not for users'.
* We can see services from control panel --> administrative tools --> services
* Or type services.msc from run.

START UP  -  It contains programs that are automatically loaded every time we turn on the computer.

TASK MANAGER / WINDOWS TASK MANAGER -  * It is a utility in Windows that provides detailed information about computer performance, running applications, processes, cpu usage, memory information, network activity and statistics, logged in users and system services.
* We can start a new task, and we can kill a task that is not responding.
* We can also hibernate, log off, restart or shut down the machines.
* It has 6 tabs. Application, Processes, Performance, Networking, Services, Users.

TELNET - It is a service that allows connecting to the remote machine via Command Line Interface.

TIF - Tagged Image File.

TROJAN HORSE - No replicating malware that enters user's system with unauthorized access and reveals password to the remote location.

V CALENDER - * It is a utility in Microsoft Outlook that provides electronic version of calender. It has appointment book, address book, add or remove contact.
* V calender files are used to exchange information about appointments and schedule with others who are not in our work group or organisation.

V CARD -  * It serves as an electronic business card in Microsoft Outlook.
* It is a convenient way of exchanging personal information such as name, address, phone number and email address. 

VIRTUAL MEMORY  -  * Portion of a hard disk used to simulate additional ram. It is also called paging file.
* Control panel --> system --> advanced --> performance settings --> advanced -->virtual memory -->change
* The initial value is 2046 MB. Maximum value is 4092 MB. Default value is 3057 MB which is a recommended value.


VIRUS -  * It is harmful computer program which can copy itself and infect the computer.
* It is self replicating computer program that can spread from one computer to another computer through CD, DVD, USB, Internet.
* It includes malware, spyware, adware and infects the file or file system.
* Some famous viruses are Blaster, Code red, Creeper, Elk cloner, I love you, Melissa, Morris Internet Worm, Nimda, Sasser, SQL slammer.

VOLUME SHADOW COPY / VOLUME SNAP SHOT SERVICE - 
* It is a technology that allows taking manual or automatic backup copies or snap shot of data.
* It needs one NTFS volume for shadow copies to be stored.
* Users can easily access the previous versions of their files by right clicking their file or folder.

WINDOWS NT -  * Family of operating systems produced by Microsoft in 1993.
* It is the first 32 bit version of Windows.

WINDOWS XP vs WINDOWS VISTA -  
* In Windows XP, installation is done in 2 modes, text mode and graphical mode.
In Vista, installations is done only in graphical mode.
* Graphic resolution is less in Windows XP compared to Vista.
* Switch user is not available in Windows XP.
Swicth user is available in Vista.
* Vista is opt for Multimedia and graphical arts users.
In Windows XP, it is not thus much opt.

WORM -  * It is a self replicating malware program that uses a computer network to send copies of itself to other nodes. It occurs due to security shortcoming.
* It does not corrupt any file but reduces system performance by its harm.

X86 - Set of instructions and architecture that handles 32 bit operation in the cpu.